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University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services (UTARMS) Series
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Personal and family

This series consists of files documenting Professor Friedland’s personal and family activities. It begins with a number of files documenting Friedland’s activities as a student and professor of law at the University of Toronto, his post-retirement professional and other activities. There follow files relating to members of his family, arranged by name, which focus broadly on family affairs and more specifically on personal lives, including professional and social activities, achievements, births, weddings and deaths. These are followed by other files containing correspondence sent home from England, Europe and Israel, and relating to the Friedland residences on Hillsdale Avenue and Belsize Drive.

The files contain correspondence, certificates, curriculum vitae, greeting cards, honours, notes, notices, legal documents such as passports and wills, medical reports, programmes, postcards, photographs, and press clippings (including obituaries).

Sound recordings and Videos

Series consist of sounds recordings of Dr. Rakoff speaking at conferences, on radio programs, and at university lectures. They include addresses, interviews, talks and discussions regarding various topics related to mental illness, primarily psychiatry. Videos include a filmed interview with Dr. Rakoff and a documentary on adolescence.

Photographs

Series consist some early snap shots and portraits as well as many formal portraits of Dr. Rakoff taken over his career. There are also informal shots of him speaking, receiving his honorary degree, at social events, at seminars and conferences. There are many photographs of the Ten Years of Leadership Tribute Dinner on January 24, 1990, held in his honour.

Creative work

Series consists of records documenting Dr. Rakoff’s creative life and includes poems, scripts, short stories, and other creative writing. Also includes Dr. Rakoff’s many sketches, drawings, and doodles.

Comments on Lucien Bouchard

This small series documents the controversy surrounding comments provided by Dr. Rakoff pertaining to the psychological profile of Lucien Bouchard. These comments were made in memos sent to Dr. John Godfrey, which were then made available to high level officials in the government and the media. Some made complaints against Dr. Rakoff, on the grounds that he had provided a psychiatric diagnosis of a man he’d never met. Dr. Rakoff maintained that he was merely using his expertise to comment on the public presentation of a political figure. Records include correspondence, Dr. Rakoff’s statements and responses to the controversy, and substantial media coverage.

CBC

Series consists of records relating to Dr. Rakoff’s appearances on a number of CBC radio and television productions, including those listed below.

  • An Argument of Laughter (a series of 3 talks by Dr. Rakoff). CBC Ideas, November 1969
  • Language Series. CBC Ideas, 1969
  • Model and Metaphor. CBC Ideas, 1969
  • Man at the Centre: The Evolution of Human Sexuality, 1969
  • The unnatural history of love. CBC Ideas, 1969
  • Man Alive (Dr. Rakoff appeared on the CBC Television show about faith and spirituality), 1970
  • Evil. CBC Ideas, 1971
  • Perceptions and Prejudice, CBC Ideas, 1971
  • Time Being: Death, 1973
  • Massey: Perennial Man and the Slowed Machine
  • Beaverbrook: the life and times of Max Aitkin. CBC Television, 1977 (Dr. Rakoff was a script collaborator)

Records include show schedules, program descriptions, transcripts, correspondence and contracts with CBC, background research, and listener/viewer letters. Note, Dr. Rakoff did not necessarily appear in all these programs; some schedules may have been retained for information purposes.

Series also includes audio recordings of various productions, including Nonquasi: An African Legend (a radio play); a talk on humour taped at the Clarke Institute; Rakoff’s talks for CBC Ideas shows “Terror of Death” (1969) and “Symmetry in Nature” (1972) and a show on “Between Ourselves” about intellectual refugees in Canada (1974?). Series also includes a dubbed recording of a Lord Beaverbrook address on American radio in 1941, rebroadcast on CBC in 1973.

Files from B2019-0027 include a proposal for a series of documentary files for CBC Television titled, "Tesserae: The Communities of Canada"; additional draft scripts and transcripts of “Beaverbrook: the life and times of Max Aitkin”; draft scripts and correspondence related to the production of his radio play NONQUASI.

Research, works in progress, and background material

Series consists of records documenting Dr. Rakoff’s research and works in progress. The series begins with a number of files documenting Dr. Rakoff’s research on psychological issues facing the children of Holocaust survivors. These records include a list of doctors working with such patients, a bibliography of resources, articles by others, news articles, and correspondence.

Series also provides good documentation of a Family Interaction Test conducted by Vivian Rakoff, Nathan Greenberg, Esther Halpern, Roslyn Spector and Isaac Rebner, from the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal in the 1960s. Records here include research, drafts, correspondence, and the original pictures shown to experiment participants. Other records in this series include notes and articles on art, Freud, Nietzsche, genius, Otto Rank, and Erik Erikson.

Files from B2021-0018 include a research proposal on the functional mapping of brain pathways, notes on the Israel-Palestine conflict, and his notebook kept in his capacity as a member of the province of Ontario’s Consent and Capacity Board. In addition to his notes, the notebook includes a number of marginalia drawings.

Trips, conferences and talks

Series consists of records relating to Dr. Rakoff’s trips, conferences and talks. Files primarily include the texts of Dr. Rakoff’s lectures. One file includes news coverage of the 1970 Couchiching conference on “Love and the Establishment.” Another file includes the full transcript of a debate sponsored by the residents in psychiatry at McGill University on whether or not “psychiatry is an agent of the establishment,” at which Dr. Rakoff made extensive comments during the question period. One file relates to a trip to China in 2004, and includes correspondence and background research on suicide rates in China.

Files from B2019-0027 and B2021-0018 include a journal from a trip to China in 1981, further texts of Dr. Rakoff’s talks, and the transcript of an appearance on CBC Television’s The Magazine segment Viewpoint, where he discusses Sigmund Freud.

Writing and publishing

Series consists of records relating to Dr. Rakoff’s writing and publishing activities. Works include articles in peer reviewed journals, book chapters, opinion pieces, magazine articles, reviews, and drafts of unknown works. One file includes Dr. Rakoff’s Discussion paper for the Ontario Law Reform Commission regarding the Mental Health Act (1991). Files almost always include copies of the final product, but may also include drafts, revisions, correspondence and background material.

Files from B2019-0027 include book reviews, essays, and other writings.

Files from B2021-0018 consist primarily of draft chapters of an unpublished book Rakoff was working on in the 1990s titled Adolescence: The Angelic Ambition. Files include drafts chapters and correspondence with Key Porter Books.

Correspondence

Series consists of limited correspondence between Dr. Rakoff and various individuals, primarily academics, psychiatrists, editors, friends, and some members of the general public. In addition, one file documents the difficulties arranging a performance of his “Non Quasi” in Montreal. One file contains 12 years of correspondence with and about Mr. Li Hsing-yeh, a Chinese man Dr. Rakoff met in a park, with whom he struck up correspondence and who sent Dr. Rakoff a number of Chinese figurines and other gifts.

Files from B2019-0027 and B2021-0018 include additional professional (and some personal) correspondence as well as letters from Li Hsing-yeh.

Personal and biographical

Series consists of records relating to Dr. Rakoff’s personal life and career. Records include CVs, degrees and certificates, diaries from trips to Israel and Russia, records pertaining to his honorary degree from U of T including a DVD of his address, and various memorabilia. 2 files pertain to the education and early adulthood of two of his children (David and Ruth, both authors). Series also includes a copy of “A psychiatrist’s odyssey,” an article on Dr. Rakoff by Robert Fulford, published in Saturday Night in February 1984.

Files from B2019-0027 include additional certificates, his medical school diploma and letters of reference, birthday cards on the occasion of his 60th birthday, tributes on the occasion of his retirement from the Clarke Institute in 1990, and a file relating to his application for American citizenship.

Files from B2021-0008 include a diary of a trip to Israel in 1977, certificates and medals for the Life Fellow award from the American Psychiatric Association (1996) and the Order of Canada (2015). Finally, there are two files of condolence cards and letters received by his Gina following his death in October 2020. Also included is one hand coloured print of Convocation Hall by David Crighton. The print is entitled Convocation Hall – “Rakoff” and was presented to him by the Department of Psychiatry on the occasion of him being awarded an Honorary Degree in 2008.

Biographical

This series gives an overview of Clarkson’s career at the University of Toronto. Included are biographical notes, CVs, activity reports, salary and promotion files. There are some files relating to appointments or opportunities outside of the university but most of these can be found in the relevant series.

Files from B2019-0003 include further activity reports and CVs, Anti-Calendar course evaluations, photos and itineraries of his travels (2008-2016), and tributes to Clarkson assembled by Nora following his death in 2016. Also included is a digital folder documenting some of the honours and awards received by Clarkson such as the Order of Canada (2011) and the Konrad Adenauer Research Award (2013).

Files from B2023-0008 consists of a journal and notes (1975-2000) about his marriage to Christina McCall.

Oversize materials include his U of T diploma, 1959, a certificate of his appointment as Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Canadian Naval Reserve, March 1965, and a Royal Society of Canada Fellow certificate, 2004.

Born-digital records

The series includes files extracted from computer disks and CDs. It includes records relating to Dr. Ng’s work and life, including digital photographs, research files, drafts and manuscripts, as well as material related to the Homeworkers Association (HWA), including meeting minutes, program files, newsletters, workshop materials, digital photographs, video, and other records.

Groups

Series consists of Prof. Ng’s files on organizations for immigrant women and garment workers in which she participated. These include the following:

  • Apparel Textile Action Committee (ATAC) (1989-1995): Records document the work of ATAC’s Joint Adjustment Committee, which was set up between the International Ladies Garment Workers Union and the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union under the Industrial Adjustment Service Program of Canada Employment and Immigration Commission. Prof. Ng was appointed Chairperson in 1991. The group aided workers affected by closures, downsizings and/or bankruptcies in the textile industry by providing counselling, retraining, and help finding a new job. Files include program reports, correspondence, minutes, funding requests, member lists, brochures and press releases. There is also a report from ATAC’s ESL-career decision making program.

  • CERIS (The Joint Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Settlement (1997-2008): Files include administrative records, newsletters, research overviews, and the proceedings of the Fourth National Metropolis Conference in 2000.

  • The Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (CRIAW) (1986-2010): Files include financial statements, reports, strategic planning, project files, research and articles, and conference records.

  • The International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) (1992-1994): Files include conference records, reports, research interviews and other records.

  • INTERCEDE (International Coalition to End Domestics’ Exploitation) (1980-2001): This coalition provided services, assistance, and education to domestic workers, advocated for improvements in the living and working conditions of domestic workers and participated in public awareness campaigns. The group also lobbied provincial and federal governments for legislative changes for domestic workers, presented briefs to the Ontario government and the federal government’s Task Force on Immigration Practices and Procedures, organized rallies, and generally advocated on behalf of the needs of domestic workers. Files include research and reports, press clippings, newsletters, correspondence, minutes, orientation kit and briefs and responses to government reports.

  • Inter Pares (1999-2004): The single file on Inter Pares includes published ephemera such as bulletins and pamphlets.

  • The Jade Garden Adjustment Committee (1988-2005): This committee was struck in order to provide support for workers displaced by the closing of the Jade Garden Restaurant. Files include reports, contracts, interviews and surveys, correspondence, minutes, financial records, and background material on Chinese immigrants in Toronto. One report, to the Office of Labour Adjustment and Ontario Training and Adjustment Board, gives a good overview of the case: “When restaurant workers and adjustment services meet: the Jade Garden Restaurant Workers’ Experience” by Roxana Ng (B2014-0005/004(02))

  • The National Organization of Immigrant and Visible Minority Women of Canada (NOICMWC) (1986-1992): Files include conference records, meeting minutes, the constitution, newsletters, outreach materials, reports, correspondence, conference material, and other records.

  • UNITE (the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees) (1995-2001): Files include outreach materials, newsletters, memos, minutes from the Toronto Project Team, project records, press releases and clippings, publications, reports, and other records.

  • Women Working with Immigrant Women (WWIW) (1979-1992): Files include annual reports, minutes, the constitution, newsletters, project files and other records, especially for the WWIW in New Brunswick.

The series also begins with files on various groups for which there are only a few records, and in which Prof. Ng was less actively involved.

Research

Series consists of records relating to various research projects, including correspondence, research data, interview notes, grant proposals and other records. Projects documented include a book and symposium on anti-racism, feminism and critical approaches to education; Changing work, changing lives: mapping the Canadian garment industry; a history of the International Order of Daughters of the Empire (IODE) in New Brunswick; a bibliography on race relations and multicultural education for the Ministry of College and Universities (MCU); and projects on garment workers and immigrant women Series also includes annual applications and reports for small scale project departmental funding.

Students

Series consists of a records kept by Prof. Ng on students she supervised. Series includes her student index, reference letters, and a sample of case files for particular students, which include correspondence, reference letters, scholarly work, evaluations of work, and other records.

OISE

Series consist of correspondence, reports, minutes, reviews, proposals and other records relating to administrative and academic matters at OISE.

The series begins with general records relating to OISE, including academic planning, program development, research committees, and the Higher Education Group.

The series also includes documentation of OISE’s AECP (Adult Education and Counselling Psychology) Department, which includes the AECD (Adult Education and Community Development) Program, of which Prof. Ng was a part. These records include documentation of meetings, retreats, program planning and reviews, budgeting activities, and guest lecturers and speakers.

The series also includes significant documentation of OISE’s CIARS (Centre for Integrative Anti-Racism Studies), including documentation of the Centre’s founding, its reviews, advocacy, outreach, special events and other activities.

Lastly, there are 3 files relating to the CWSE (Centre for Women’s Studies in Education) – pertaining to executive meetings, governance, and the Older Women’s Network (OWN).

Associations

This small series consists of files kept by Prof. Ng on particular scholarly associations, including the Canadian Association for the Study of Adult Education, the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association, the Chinese Canadian National Council Toronto Chapter, the Chinese Canadian National Council Toronto Chapter, Researchers and Academics of Colour for Equality, and the Society for Socialist Studies. Series also includes records relating to Diaspora, indigenous and minority education: An International Journal. Records include newsletters, correspondence, award information, conference records, and calls for papers.

Photographs

The photographs in this series document the personal and professional life of Professor Friedland. The series beings with eleven files of photographs relating to Professor Friedland and his family, including formal portraits of himself, and informal images of his parents, his wife and children, and other relatives. Other images document events at the Faculty of Law, including informal parties and reunions; honours (including awards and honorary degrees) bestowed upon Friedland and his colleagues in law and university administration; and photographs relating to some of his research projects, including the University of Toronto history project.

Other activities

The records in this series document some of Dr. Friedland’s professional activities, mostly outside the Faculty of Law (he retired in 1998 but still teaches). The first three boxes focus on his relationship with the University of Toronto Press where he served on its Board of Directors and has sat on its Manuscripts Review Committee for over twenty years, including being chair since 1995. Nearly all of the files relate to the Committee, and contain extensive correspondence with other committee members and the executive of the Press, including commentary on policy decisions, including manuscripts being considered for publication.

Dr. Friedland has also sat on the board of directors of the Osgoode Society, which promotes the writing of legal history. The five files relating to this society consist principally of memoranda, minutes and supporting documentation and there are few annotations and notes. The original material consists primarily of Dr. Friedland’s 1999 oral history interview conducted as a part of the Society’s Chief Justice Bora Laskin Project and his file on the Society’s twentieth anniversary symposium in June 1999, “History goes to Court”, where he chaired the panel on ‘Other leading cases’.

Dr. Friedland was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1983 (the files relating to his activities prior to 1997 are located in accession B1998-0006). In 1997 and 1999 he chaired the Innis-Gérin Medal selection committee. In 1997 he became a member of the nominating committee of Academy II (Humanities and Social Sciences) of the Royal Society of Canada and in 1998 was elected to the Council of Academy II for a three-year term. These activities, and his involvement in the 1999 RSC symposium in Edmonton, are documented here.

In October 2000 Dr. Friedland went to Beijing for ten days to discuss with Chinese judges issues relating to judicial independence. This project consisted of a series of seminars in Canada-China’s Senior Judges Training program sponsored by the Canadian International Development Agency and held at the National Judges College of China. Three different seminars were held – one on ‘judicial ethics’ in October (in which Dr. Friedland participated) and two in November on ‘judicial review’ and ‘case management’. The correspondence, notes, and reports relating to the project are contained in these files, along with drafts, in Chinese, of the published version of Dr. Friedland’s study on judicial independence, A place apart.

The remaining files in the series document a number Dr. Friedland’s other activities between 1995 and 2002. Included are a few addresses, some of his travels, and his membership in or association with a number of professional organizations such as the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and the Law Commission of Canada. Dr. Friedland was appointed an officer of the Order of Canada in 1990 and awarded the Canada Council’s Molson Prize for ‘outstanding achievements and exceptional contribution to the enrichment of the cultural life of Canada’ in 1995. The files on the Molson Seminar and the Order of Canada reflect his ongoing responsibilities as a recipient of these awards. The last of the files document his continuing involvement in activities and issues at the University of Toronto, ranging from the Centre for International Studies’ program on conflict management to the Sports Hall of Fame selection committee.

Government-commissioned and other research

The principal elements in this series consist of the files Dr. Friedland assembled while a consultant to the Ontario Justice Review Committee and as a general consultant to the Office of the Attorney General for Ontario. The series ends with a small number of files on other activities, ranging from contract work for the government of the North West Territories to providing advice on the Hepatitis C class action lawsuit in Ontario.

As Dr. Friedland notes in his introduction, he was asked in 1998 to “help organize and draft the report for a committee [the Criminal Justice Review Committee] that was looking at the working of the criminal justice system in Ontario.” Its report was published in 1999. Most of the files relating to the Committee’s work, as might be expected, remain with the government of Ontario but there are still a substantial number in this series. Dr. Friedland’s correspondence and the briefs, memoranda and reports, often heavily annotated by him, along with his notes and the drafts of the Committee’s report, clearly demonstrate the role that he played in the process.

The consulting contracts Dr. Friedland signed with the Office of the Attorney General, beginning in 1996, enabled him to participate in the review of a “range of policy issues that were being debated in the department. These included issues relating to a possible court services agency and questions concerning devolution of a number of criminal justice matters to other bodies, including devolution of responsibility for the Provincial Offences Act to municipalities.” In addition, Dr. Friedland’s involvement in departmental roundtable discussions and the Crown Policy Manual Review Committee, provides insights into the high-profile legal cases of Guy Paul Morin and Paul Bernardo, and issues arising therefrom, including “jail-house confessions and the forensic laboratories”. Again, extensive notes and annotation complement the correspondence, memoranda, background and briefing notes, and reports found in the files.

Research and publications

This series contains material relating to a number of Professor Friedland’s publications. For four of his books – Double jeopardy, The trials of Israel Lipski, The case of Valentine Shortis, and The death of Old Man Rice – the files contain only a small amount of correspondence, press clippings, and promotional material. The manuscripts for these books, along with the supporting correspondence and related material, are located in Friedland’s earlier accession, B1998-0006.

The series concentrates on three of Friedland’s publications, each of which generated a number of spin-off articles and much commentary. The files for these titles complement the more complete record of activities contained in B1998-0006. Controlling misconduct in the military, his 1997 study for the federal Commission of enquiry into the deployment of Canadian Forces in Somalia, attracted much attention. So did ‘Borderline justice’, his 1992-1996 study with Kent Roach comparing jury selection in the two Niagaras, one Canadian and the other American. Friedland delivered papers on their findings at conferences and articles appeared in several journals and in a festschrift. The third publication, A place apart: Judicial independence and accountability in Canada (1995), continued the spirited public debate over the issue, one that is still going on and which is documented here in conferences, seminars, reports, and even a video, along with supporting correspondence and notes. A file on the Chinese translation of this volume is located in Series 7: Other activities. There are also drafts of papers on topics such as legal aid and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, along with drafts of the manuscript for the eighth edition (1997) of his book (co-authored by Kent Roach), Cases and materials on criminal law and procedures.

Faculty of Law activities

This series is divided into two sub-series, ‘Activities’ and ‘Correspondence with students’. The first sub-series contains correspondence, memoranda, notes, reports, and lecture material documenting Professor Friedland’s activities within the faculty and the faculty’s affairs generally. The ‘course’ files contain Professor Friedland’s outlines, notes, assignments and examinations for his course in criminal law. There are also files on the publications, Faculty of Law Review and Nexus. The remaining files in this sub-series relate primarily to Professor Friedland’s activities with the ‘Class of 5T8’s fortieth anniversary reunion in 1998 and to the Faculty’s fiftieth anniversary celebrations in 1999-2000. This sub-series ends with files on Professor Friedland’s 1997 report on the grading practices policy at the Faculty and on the Faculty’s marks scandal in 2001.

The records in this sub-series contain correspondence, memoranda and notes and reports; class outlines, assignments and other material; minutes of meetings for anniversary celebrations, along with programmes and publications (including drafts), sheet music and songs, and a video, notices, press releases and press clippings.

The second sub-series, ‘Correspondence with students’, contains correspondence, memoranda, curriculum vitae (but not student transcripts and marks, which have been removed), greeting cards, postcards and the occasional offprint relating primarily to references requested from Professor Friedland, and a file of memorabilia.

Most of the reference requests relate to applications for graduate school, academic appointments, and positions in legal firms and for clerkships in the Supreme Court of Canada and other courts. Others relate to academic honours – awards, prizes and scholarships. Some of the files also contain correspondence relating to courses taken and theses supervised, though most of this type of correspondence is located in ‘Series III.: Correspondence’ above. Some of the requests are more prosaic, such as asking Professor Friedland to sign passport applications and photos. Also included are memos from Professor Friedland to officials in the Faculty of Law, such as the summer student co-ordinator, about specific students. In their letters, these students and former students provide information about their current activities which sometimes have taken them far afield, examples being the Rwanda genocide case, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, and legal work in Japan.

Honours

The files in this series contain correspondence, addresses, certificates, programmes, and a photoprint relating to honours bestowed in Professor Friedland.

The honours described herein are: Queen’s Council (Canada), 1976; James Marshall Tory Dean’s Chair, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1996; an LLD degree from Cambridge University (2000); and an honorary degree from the University of Toronto (2001).

Correspondence

The correspondence files in this series are arranged alphabetically by author. They document Professor Friedland’s activities as a friend, as a student advisor and thesis supervisor, as a colleague assisting in honours bestowed on his peers, as an author, and as an authority on legal matters. They also document the increased leisure that came with official retirement.

The correspondence touches on many aspects of Dr. Friedland’s life, both personal and professional. It reveals his enormous network of contacts in legal and academic circles ranging from Lord Denning down to lowly law students. The letters cover a wide range of topics and issues, including some very topical ones such as international terrorism. Dr. Friedland received numerous requests for references from students and colleagues and, because he sat on the manuscript review committee of the University of Toronto Press, he was also asked to evaluate many manuscripts.

Some of the files contain commentary on legal issues on which Dr. Friedland was working. They may also hold drafts of articles forwarded by colleagues for commentary or presented a complementary copies [published copies have been removed, though the appropriate references have been retained], letters of congratulation and of reference. There is also correspondence regarding and programmes of conferences, and correspondence re and programmes for installation ceremonies. There are numerous invitations to dinners and other events and tributes on the deaths of friends and colleagues and notes on any of the above. Also present are greeting cards and several photographs.

U of T Sioux Lookout Program

Series relates to Dr. Baines’s involvement with the University of Toronto Sioux Lookout Program as the Faculty of Medicine’s Vice-Dean of Education and later as acting Program Director following the retirement of F. W. Baker in 1997. The Sioux Lookout Program was established in the 1960s through a collaboration with the Hospital for Sick Children and the Medical Services Branch of Health and Welfare Canada. The program aimed to improve the access and delivery of health care to Indigenous communities across the Sioux Lookout region in Northwestern Ontario. It operated out of the Sioux Lookout Zone Hospital and served over 18,000 individuals from 28 First Nations until the University of Toronto severed its ties with the program in 1998. The records span from 1996 – 1999 and document the activities of the Sioux Lookout Program and the series of events, decisions, and financial crises that led to the collapse of the program. Additionally, several of the records provide insight into the negative impacts that these events had on the Indigenous communities and Sioux Lookout Zone Hospital staff.

Materials predominantly consist of correspondence between various U of T faculty and administrators, Sioux Lookout Zone Hospital staff, and members or representatives of the Nishnawbe-Aski Nation, Sioux Lookout First Nations Health Authority, Northern Chiefs Tribal Council, Ad Hoc Chief’s Committee, Shibogama Tribal Council, Independent First Nations Alliance, Ontario Ministry of Health, and Medical Services Branch of Health and Welfare Canada, including: Arnold Aberman, Fred W. Baker, Donna Barnaby, Sheila Brown, Delores Cheena, Sheree Davis, Joe Dooley, Michelle Farlinger, Janet Gordon, Tom Hawke, Daisy Hoppe, Phil Jackson, Marjorie Y. Johnson, Mae Katt, David Keeling, Barb Lacalmita, Carol Maxwell, Dermot McLoughlin, Kim Meyers, Donny Morris, James Morris, Yvonne Murphy, Lynda Roberts, Walter W. Rosser, Nancy Roy, Adel Sedra, Grace Teskey, Debbie Toppozini, Peter Toth, Judith Wright, and Donna Barnaby. Other materials include activity reports, financial reports, budgets, recovery plan proposals, notes, notices, discussion papers, agendas, Doctors Services Working Group meeting minutes, Four Party meeting minutes, and news clippings.

Correspondence

Series consists of personal and professional correspondence between Dr. Baines and various friends, colleagues, and journal editors including Arnold Aberman, Francis Chinard, James A. Dauphinee, John R. Evans, David M. Goldberg, Allan G. Gornall, Avrum Gotlieb, François Morel, Abraham Rapoport, and Escott Reid. The records document aspects of his relationships, post-doctoral research, sabbatical, and appointments at the University of Toronto and the Toronto General Hospital. Also included is a file containing correspondence and reports related to the merger of University of Toronto’s Department of Pathology and the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Microbiology.

Research and Publications

Series consists of manuscript drafts of academic articles written or co-authored by Dr. Baines. These records document a portion of his research related to hypertension as well as the structure, function, and physiology of the kidneys.

Series also includes an unpublished? manuscript on pore and fibre-matrix models which includes some content that was published in Fraser, W. D. & Baines A. D. (1989). Application of a fibre-matrix model to transport in renal tubules. Journal of General Physiology, 94(5), 863 – 879.

Aboriginal Health Professions Program

Series consists of records created and collected by Dr. Baine’s throughout his participation in several committees that were instrumental in the creation and administration of the Aboriginal Health Professions Program (AHPP) and the Office of Aboriginal Student Services and Programs (OASSP) at the University of Toronto. These committees include the Faculty of Medicine Task Force on Native Canadian Students (ca. 1980s), the Professional Education of Native Students Committee (PENSC) (1983 – 1986), the Aboriginal Health Professions Program Advisory Committee (1986 – 1991), and the Management Committee for Aboriginal Programs and Services (MCAPS) (1991 – 1993).

The AHPP (originally named the Indian Health Careers Program) was established in 1986 to improve the admission, retention, and graduation rates of Indigenous students in health science programs by identifying and supporting their specific cultural, social, and academic needs. One of its primary goals was to increase the number of qualified healthcare professionals who held both traditional knowledge and understandings of Western medical practices in order to improve the provision of healthcare to urban and rural Indigenous communities. Records in this series document several of the programs and services provided by the AHPP, including the Health Sciences Access Program for pre-university preparation, the Science-Math Pilot Project for grades 9 to 13, the Health Experience Program, as well as a recruitment, admission advocacy, and career counselling programs. These programs laid the foundations for the establishment of the OASSP and First Nations House which continue to provide culturally relevant student services to Indigenous students University-wide.

Records document the history, structure, objectives, and activities of the AHPP, OASSP, and the aforementioned committees. Materials include correspondence, agendas, meeting minutes, reports, workshop materials, project and funding proposals, project summaries, budgets, news clippings, and reference materials.

Series is divided into three subseries:

  • Subseries 5.1 includes records related to the Faculty of Medicine Task Force on Native Canadian Students and PENSC, which preceded the creation of the AHPP.
  • Subseries 5.2 includes records related to the AHPP Advisory Committee.
  • Subseries 5.3 relates to MCAPS which was established after the creation of the AHPP.

Due to the closely related functions of the various committees, there may be some overlap between subseries.

Teaching

Series primarily consists of records documenting the Stowe-Gullen Stream of the Vic One Program which was designed and co-taught by Dr. Baines between 2005 and 2018. The Vic One program at Victoria College was created to provide select first-year undergraduate students with a unique close-knit academic experience and mentorship opportunity within a designated academic stream. Each stream features small seminar classes of no more than 25 students in addition to weekly plenary sessions consisting of guest lectures from professionals and professors in a variety of fields. The Stowe-Gullen Stream designed by Dr. Baines consists of two year-long courses aimed at fostering an interdisciplinary perspective and foundation in critical thinking, research and writing skills in the life sciences. Topics include ethics, statistics, rhetoric, and the philosophy of science.

The series begins with a file consisting of materials that were removed from a binder titled “VIC 170 2011-12” followed by two files containing related lecture materials. The binder’s contents were kept in their original order. Materials include agendas, minutes, and plenary session schedules and notes related to the Vic One Program; a syllabus, class schedule, lecture notes and presentation slides, and reference materials for Dr. Baine’s course, VIC 170: An Introduction to Probability, Persuasion, and the Rhetorics of Science; and a syllabus for VIC 171: Methodology, Theory, and Practice in the Natural Sciences taught by Professor Brian Baigrie.

Series also includes lecture notes and reference materials for a lecture on Rhetoric and Medicine given at the Massey Grand Rounds Symposium on October 10, 2007. These materials are arranged at the end of the series.

Personal and Biographical

Series consists of materials documenting Dr. Baine’s personal life and career at the University of Toronto. Records include a CV, some personal notes, correspondence and forms related to his salary and benefits, an outline of his early academic activities, and student course evaluations for his teaching of CLB 401/1401: Biochemistry and Physiology of Human Disease.

Correspondence

Dr. Hastings has produced and received a voluminous amount of correspondence over the years, a fair amount of which he threw out because of space limitations. He still (2004) possesses a substantial volume of professional and some personal correspondence.

This series includes some professional correspondence but much of it consists of letters to and from Dr. Hastings’ parents, his grandmother Ferguson, his aunts, Bessie Ferguson, Betty Graham (1900 – 1990) and Louise Hastings, and other relatives and friends met over a lifetime of public service and devotion to his church. The last influenced many of his interests outside his academic and administrative work at University of Toronto and is reflected in thirty years of correspondence arising from visits to India and Japan beginning in the early 1950s.

While most of the correspondence is filed chronologically, the first files contain exchanges of letters with the Drever family (especially Michael Drever, who later became an internationally recognized plastic surgeon in Toronto, and, with his wife, life-long friends), the constitutional expert and later Senator Eugene Forsey, who was also a family friend, and the relatives mentioned above. Dr. Hastings met the Drevers from Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1959, when he went on a tour of Latin America to observe preventive medicine and public health teaching. He returned to Uruguay at the end of 1964 as a member of the World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization program on health planning in Latin America that also entailed visits to Chile and Argentina.

Dr. Hastings first went to India in 1953 as the University of Toronto’s representative to the World University Service of Canada’s International Seminar (the files for which are in Series 5). While there he first visited the Christian Medical College and Hospital in Vellore, near Madras, that received support from the Canadian Council of Churches through its Vellore/Ludhiana Committee, of which he was a member from 1962 to 1975 and to which he was an advisor from 1975 to 1981. Over the years Dr. Hastings was to provide financial support to several promising young people he met in India and elsewhere, helping some with their education overseas and others to immigrate to Canada. In 1955 he had the opportunity to go abroad again, this time as a faculty member of the WUSC International Seminar, Japan, followed by a month for studying medical education and medical care in that country. He wrote a widely praised report on his return and kept up a voluminous correspondence with many of the people he had met. In later years Dr. Hastings came to regard these two visits as seminal events in his life. Other valued friendships were made through his international work over the years.

The first files of chronological correspondence is primarily with his parents, consisting largely of letters sent and received while at Camp Kagawong on Balsam Lake near Fenelon Falls, Ontario where Hastings was to spend many summers from 1938 and where he was a camper and later a counsellor, section director and camp doctor. From 1953 and his visit to India, the chronological arrangement is divided in each year into the following categories: general, parents (later ‘mother’, India and (from 1955) Japan.

The volume of correspondence tails off in the mid – 1970s; one file covers the years 1986 – 1997.

Other activities

The records in this series underscore the impact of an upbringing where the tenets of Christianity, public service, and duty were emphasized. They begin with thirty years (1937 – 1969) of files on Camp Kagawong, a privately owned boy’s camp on Balsam Lake, where Dr. Hastings spent his summers as a young boy enjoying the outdoors. The leadership qualities he displayed led to his becoming a camp counsellor (1944 – 1945) and, from 1946 – 1950, director of the Bantam Section and instructor in nature, first aid, swimming and games. During those years he dramatized three folk tales for presentation. At the weekly chapel services, he often delivered homilies or ‘sermonettes’, a practice he continued throughout his association with the camp until a few years before it closed in 1975. He served as camp doctor for a number of his vacations between 1952 and 1967. Dr. Hastings’ activities at Camp Kagawong are well documented through notes, certificates, correspondence (much of which is in Series 3) scripts for theatrical presentations, chapel service programs and sermonettes, and some of the annual camp catalogues, photographs and artifacts. The arrangement of the files in this section is largely chronological.

The material on Camp Kagawong is followed by files on Canadian Council of Churches and its Vellore/Ludhiana Committee, of which Dr. Hastings was a member from 1962 – 1975 and to which he was an advisor from 1975 to 1981. These are followed by files on the Christian Medical College in Vellore, India, including extensive ones documenting the work of the International Review Team, of which he was a member, that visited Vellore in 1979 and produced a report on its findings the following year. His wife and daughter accompanied him on this trip.

Next are files on the coronation of Queen Elizabeth in 1953; the Developing Countries Farm Radio Network, of which Dr. Hastings was a member of the board; Emmanuel College, where he was a University representative on its council and a member of its curriculum committee; the King’s College Fund which in 1985 organized a Canadian study tour of health services in Britain and, in the same period reciprocal study tours in Canada, based on the Department of Health Administration at the University of Toronto. (Dr. Hastings and his family lived at the King’s Fund College during several visits in London.) He was active in the youth clubs of the Progressive Conservative Party in the 1940s, attended the 1948 convention at which George Drew was selected leader, and took part in the federal election the following year.

Dr. Hastings’ place of worship for many years has been St. Andrew’s United Church at 117 Bloor Street East in Toronto. He played a very active role in its affairs, serving on its Session and Official Board since 1956, many of its committees, was a member of its Men’s Club and, on occasion, delivered the sermon of the week. The files cover the years from 1952 to 1973, when St. Andrew’s and the Yonge Street United Church amalgamated, and include correspondence, notices of services, minutes of meetings, reports, and drafts of three sermons.

This series ends with a number of files on Dr. Hastings’ involvement in several activities of the United Church of Canada, centering around his being a member of its task force on health services (1985 – 1987) and its Division of Mission in Canada’s health task group (1991 – 1994). Included are correspondence, minutes, memoranda, notes, drafts of reports, and a video, “Taking the pulse of Canadian health care” that grew out of the work of the health task group.

Publications

Dr. Hastings’ first documented publications were a book review and a play that are filed with in Series 3 with his University of Toronto Schools material. This series encompasses his writings from the mid – 1950s when he was beginning to establish himself professionally. Not all of his writings appear here but included are manuscripts both published and unpublished, some with several drafts. There is also occasional background material, covering correspondence, some printed versions of manuscripts, reviews and commentary. Not every title is specifically referred to in the following commentary. Files are arranged by title and filed chronologically, except for the first two that consist of letters to the editor and book reviews.

Dr. Hastings’ research and writings broadly focus on issues in the Canadian public health care system – especially delivery, change and reform – along with writings about his experiences with health care systems in other parts of the world. In 1954 he was hired as a part-time medical officer in the medical department of the Ontario Workmen’s Compensation Board and the following year produced a report on medical administration of that body in conjunction with the Department of Public Health Administration at the University of Toronto. Two analyses of claims, two surveys on the work done by chiropractors and a survey of electrical shock injuries that Dr. Hastings compiled for the Board apparently were not published. He was, however, a joint author of an article on the administrative practices of the Board in relation to the quality of medical care that was accepted by the American Journal of Public Health and published in August 1955.

Dr. Hastings’ visits to India in 1953 and to Japan in 1955 resulted in a number of addresses, both to professionals and to the wider public (see Series 8) and, with reference to Japan, an extensive report and several articles that appeared between 1956 and 1958. The drafts and covering correspondence are in this series; other correspondence and related files are in Series 3, 6 and 8.

In the summer of 1960 Dr. Hastings used a World Health Organization travel fellowship to study medical care, public health and the teaching of medical care in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, the USSR, India, Ceylon, Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan. While the bulk of his files relating to his trip are found in Series 5, his extensive report on his findings is in this series, along with a later article (1961) reflecting on his travels.

The remainder of his writings for the 1960s addresses numerous issues affecting public heath care in Canada, many of which were stressed frequently. They range from the challenges facing medicine generally, change, community health, establishing priorities, prevention, the challenges faced by nurses, and medicare. The last issue was the great debate in medical circles during the last half of the 1960s. Dr. Hastings made his support for the program clear in his writings. His 1962 report, Labour’s plan for a medical care program for Toronto (September 1962), was widely debated and praised. Several years later, one commentator hailed it as “an excellent short review of the theory and experience of group medical practice”, the first such overall study in Canada. Between 1963 and 1965, Dr. Hastings co-authored a special study, Organized community health services, for the Royal Commission on Health Services, that appeared in 1964 (his policy memo on public health in community health services had been presented to the Commission in January 1963). An article on medicare, designed for American audiences, appeared in Current History in June 1963 and other articles in Canadian journals appeared after the Commission issued its report.

In July of 1967, Dr. Hastings was an invited participant to an international workshop of medical care experts in Geneva hosted by the International Labour Office. He produced the Canadian section of a monograph on the organization of medical care within the framework of social security that was formally published the following year and translated into French. Two years later he served as a consultant to the World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization seminar on health administration for executive held in Tobago. His address on the role of the health services administrator was included in the final report, published in 1970.

Dr. Hastings’ first publication of the 1970s was an interim report on his Sault Ste. Marie study (see also Series 5); a related study is his article on pre-paid group practice in that city that appeared in 1973. This was followed the next year by two studies on the impact of social insurance on medical care, one of which was published. The files for his major study on community health centres, dubbed “The Hastings Report” and published in Canadian Welfare in 1972, are found in Series 5. The Report itself and two supporting volumes, compiled respectively by Professor Anne Crichton and Professor A.P. Ruderman were published by the Government of Canada in 1972.

Between 1971 and 1975 Dr. Hastings headed a research project involving a survey of high level health administrators in Ontario, the results of which were published in 1976 under the title, Ontario Health Administrator Study. In the autumn of 1977 he was a consultant to the Hamilton-Wentworth District Health Council on the Chedoke hospitals and their relation to the district health system; his report was submitted in April 1978. In 1977 and 1978 the Department of Health Administration, with Dr. Hastings as principal investigator, surveyed over 4,000 practising health administrators across Canada. The survey, supported by the Department of National Health and Welfare, was published in 1981. Other articles published in the 1970s included a further analysis of the national health program (1972), a progress report on the community health program in the Faculty of Medicine (1977), and trends and issues in health services (1979).

In 1985 Dr. Hastings’ article, ‘The Canadian health care system – evolution, current status and issues’, appeared in Introduction to nursing management: A Canadian perspective. In it he summarized his thinking over many years. At the time he was also researching issues relating to primary health care at the international level. He was a consultant for the design of and Canadian study principal investigator for the WHO, Regional Office of Europe, Study on patterns of community participation in primary health care that appeared in 1986 and a consultant to the Centre for Public Health Research in Mexico City, the results of which were published in November that year. 1986 and 1987 also saw the appearance of articles on ambulatory care (Dr. Hastings had served for many years as a consultant on this issue to Mount Sinai Hospital) and community involvement in health, and “The Ontario health system – an overview”, a chapter in Le system de santé de l/Ontario: enseignments pour le Quebec (1987).

A working paper for the Department of National Health and Welfare, Public involvement in health promotion and disease prevention, a comprehensive literature review and analysis, appeared in January 1988. It was co-authored with David Zakus, with whom he produced an unpublished report the next year on community involvement in decision making in health related matters. In the 1990s he continued to write articles and studies. These include his contribution on health services issues to a WHO/CINDI workshop in Toronto in 1990, and another co-authored monograph, Managed care in Canada: the Toronto Hospital’s proposed comprehensive health organization (1991). Further articles and reports on various aspects of health care in Canada appeared between 1991 and 1994.

Addresses and interviews

Dr. Hastings was much in demand as a public speaker throughout his career. In the early 1960s, for example, he often gave more than one speech a week and by the late 1990s he himself estimated that he had given well over 1,000 addresses. While the majority were delivered at academic and professional gatherings, he also made time to speak at numerous community events, including graduation exercises. In 1989, as a recipient of the Alumni Faculty Award, he gave the convocation address for the Faculty of Medicine.

This series contains lists of addresses, correspondence, notes, drafts of addresses, and, often, press coverage. The arrangement is chronological, with correspondence for which accompanying addresses have not survived being arranged in separate files. There is a substantial file of this type for 1963. Interviews are filed at the end of the addresses.

The earliest extant address, other than those given while a student (see Series 2), is his first professional foray on the international scene, at the American Public Health Association conference in October 1954. The theme was administrative practice in relation to the quality of medical care provided under the Ontario Workmen’s Compensation Board. This address and subsequent ones follow the major themes laid out in the earlier series, especially Series 7. Those that were published are filed, for the most part, in Series 7. Some of the addresses are indicated in Appendix 2, which includes entries up to 1994.

After his retirement, Dr. Hastings’ addresses continued to focus primarily on public and community health issues. One, in 1994, was given on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the Charles Hastings Co-operative, named after his great-uncle, Toronto’s innovative and pioneering medical officer of health. On another occasion, he spoke about the future of community health centres to the International Conference on Community Health Centres in Montreal (December 1995).

While President of the Canadian Public Health Association in 1996 – 1997, he travelled widely and was much in demand as a speaker. Four venues included a reception in his honour in Winnipeg, the second National Conference on Communicable Disease Control in Toronto, the World Health Organization’s Intersectional Action for Health conference in Halifax, and the annual general meeting of the Northwest Territories branch of the CPHA in Yellowknife. In 1999, after many years of long-distance communication, he flew to Manitoba to address the Hamiota District Health Centre Foundation, and in November was a keynote speaker at the 50th annual conference of the Ontario Public Health Association.

In June 2000, at the annual meeting of the Association of Ontario Health Centres, Dr. Hastings reflected on a turning point in his career in his address, “The Hastings Report – then and now”. This is followed by an address delivered at the opening in October 2001 of the Institute of Population and Health, one of four Toronto-based Institutes of Health Research.

The series concludes with three interviews, one on CBC’s radio and television “Citizen’s Forum” in 1960, a ‘telepole’ on CFTO TV in 1962, and an interview with Jan Brown in February 1997.

Helen Mary Ferguson Hastings

This small series documents her education and her teaching experience up to the time of her marriage. There are several files of letters, mostly from family members, received at the time of and shortly after her marriage; and later correspondence with Elgin, her mother, various relatives and friends and Ulrike Dobe, her future daughter-in-law. There is also a file of correspondence with her sister, Bessie, during the last years of the latter’s life, along with a copy of her will, and correspondence regarding her estate. This is followed by a file of letters to her sister-in-law, Louise Hastings, written in 1959. Other files contain memorabilia and activities with the Women’s Canadian Club of Toronto. Finally, there is a photograph of John Andrew Duff (1860 – 1903) and classmates in civil engineering, School of Practical Science, taken about 1887. Duff was an uncle (his sister, Mary, was Helen’s mother) who received his BA from University College in 1887. In the fall of that year he entered civil engineering at the School of Practical Science, where he was registered for one year. He served with the University of Toronto Battalion, Queen’s Own Rifles, at the 1885 North West Rebellion and was briefly on the faculty of the School of Practical Science (SPS) until his untimely death from tuberculosis in 1903.

Personal files

This series contains material documenting the personal side of Dr. Hastings’ life. It begins with genealogical and biographical information about and articles regarding Hastings and his family, followed by copies of his curriculum vitae (1961 – 1994). Other items include his baby book (1928), membership cards and memorabilia, and miscellaneous writings. There is a file of badges and certificates from the Royal Life Saving Society and files on awards and honours, in particular from the Pan American Health Organization, the University of Toronto alumni, the Canadian Public Health Association (those from the Ontario Public Health Association and the City of Toronto are not in this series). There are several files on trips, beginning when Hastings was a teenager, and on the deaths of his parents.

The larger part of this series consists of daybooks documenting Dr. Hastings’ activities between 1955 and 1967. These take the form of quarterly volumes, a few of which are missing. There are also a number of casual and formal photographs of Dr. Hastings and slides of his father’s funeral. The arrangement of the daybooks and the photographs is chronological.

Education

John Hastings began his education at the Normal Model School in Toronto in 1933, went on to the University of Toronto Schools in 1939, and from there into the pre-medicine program at the University of Toronto in 1945. He received his MD in 1951, then did post-graduate work in the School of Hygiene, receiving his Diploma in Public Health (DPH) in 1954. Missing from this series are files relating to his specialty qualification of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in Public Health (FRCP(C)) and the Diploma in International Health Planning (DIHP) from the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.

This series documents Hastings’ progress through the educational system and the development of his academic and non-curricular activities. The files on the Normal Model School contain certificates, class assignments, press clippings, drafts of two plays that Hastings wrote, and the school badge. Hastings’ interests in drama were carried over to the University of Toronto Schools, where he wrote a number of plays, drafts of which have survived in this series, and one of which was published in its yearbook, the Twig, in 1943. At UTS, he also honed his public speaking and debating skills; the predominant themes of his public addresses being democracy, the British Empire and World War II. Hastings was a reporter to the Twig for his form and editor in 1943 – 1944 (his editorial files have survived). He was also a member of the school band and the cadets, developed an early interest in politics and became an active member of the Young Progressive Conservatives for a number of years. At the same time he maintained a high academic standing.

In 1944 Hastings entered a worldwide essay competition sponsored by the Royal Empire Society. His entry was one of three to receive a prize. This encouraged him to enter other essay contests while a pre-medical student at the University of Toronto (1945 – 1947). As an undergraduate at the U of T, he was a member of the Hart House Debates Committee from 1949 to 1951 and served as its secretary for two years; his detailed notes reveal something of the parry and thrust of debating at that time. Among other activities, Hastings was a student member of the Board of Stewards of Hart House and the U of T Historical Club. In 1948 he participated in the Mock Parliament, attended by then Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent. The remainder of this series contains notes, correspondence, certificates, and photographs relating to Hastings’ acquisition of his medical degree and his post-graduate diploma in public health.

A detailed listing of his activities while a student is found in B2002-0014/014(09).

Professional Activities: University of Toronto

In the three years before Dr. Hastings was hired full-time at the University of Toronto in 1956, he combined a donship at South House, Burwash Hall, Victoria College with teaching courses in the Department of Public Health Administration, where he was employed as a fellow in medical care administration (he received two fellowships). He made enduring friendships from his period as a don and the relative freedom he was given allowed him, as has been shown in the last series, to travel to India and Japan with the World University Service of Canada (further files on his travels with WUSC are found in Series 5). In July of 1954 he embarked on a trip to western Canada to gain first-hand experience of the integration of medical care administration with the administration of a provincial health department. He worked in the Medical Services Division of the Department of Health in Saskatchewan until the end of August. Then, for three weeks, he traveled by train to the West Coast, stopping en route to consult with health officials in Alberta and British Columbia, before returning to Toronto.

This first section of this series documents Dr. Hastings’ history of employment at the University, his activities in his early years, some of his teaching experience, and various ceremonial occasions. It begins with detailed files on Dr. Hastings’ two years (1953 – 1955) as a residence don, including correspondence, notes on residence discipline and items about student life generally. Next are the notebooks, diaries and letters documenting his trip across Canada. These are followed by a file (box 023, file 13) with correspondence and course material relating to his activities as a fellow in public health and preventive medicine and by files documenting the history of his employment at the University of Toronto. Next come the few files of lecture material (ca. 1953 – 1961, 1981 – 1982) in this accession, including documentation on a thesis supervised (1989 – 1991). This portion of the series concludes with files on ceremonies at the University and at York University between 1957 and 1965, including the installation of two chancellors and of Claude Bissell as president, and a file on the honorary doctorate bestowed on Halfdan Mahler, former Director General of the World Health Organization, in 1990, for which Dr. Hastings gave the citation.

The remainder of the files in this series is arranged from the broader University activities to the more specific; they document in detail Dr. Hastings’ role in planning and policy making. The first section contains files (box 025 (01)-(02)) on activities of the Governing Council relating to a sub-committee of its Planning and Resources Committee, of which Hastings was a member, and to the School of Hygiene. They are followed by presidential and presidential advisory committees and task forces on the Future of the School of Hygiene (1972); on Gerontology, which Hastings chaired (1976 – 1977); the Future of Health Care in Ontario (1991), Health Services (1993); provostial reviews of the Faculty of Medicine (1986 – 1987 and 1992); and the Decanal Community Health Review Task Force (1987 – 1988).

The second section, beginning with box 025, file 11, documents the activities of the Faculty of Medicine, primarily in its relationship to the School of Hygiene and community health programs at the University of Toronto. Included are such activities and events as the 60th anniversary of the School of Hygiene (1988); the Task Force on Professional Masters Programs in Community Health (1975 – 1977) and the Interfaculty Committee of Heath Science Deans on Outreach Project (1978 – 1979), both of which Hastings chaired; the Community Health Review and Planning Task Force (1978 – 1979); the faculty’s external review of the Division of Community Health (1978 – 1980) and its Decanal Community Health Review Task Force (1987 – 1988), of which Hastings was a member and which is thoroughly documented (see box 027).

The files relating to activities of the School of Hygiene from the 1950s to the 1970s (box 028), include its comparative study on the health care delivery systems in Sault Ste. Marie and St. Catharines; Dr. Hastings had a deep and long-term interest in the Sault project. Later Dr. Hastings was a member of the advisory committee on the history of the School of Hygiene, Within Reach of Everyone; his work on the second volume is documented. There are also files on the anniversary symposium of the School (1973) and undergraduate students’ reaction to the Hastings report of 1972 (see also Series 7).

Next are a few files documenting Dr. Hastings’s involvement with the Department of Health Administration, primarily between 1973 and 1981. The principal activity documented is the Canadian Health Administrator Study (1978 – 1981), for which Dr. Hastings was the principal investigator. Other files document the W. K. Kellogg Foundation grants, seminars and a name change in 2001 to the Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation.

The fifth section (box 029) begins with the formation of the Division of Community Health in the Faculty of Medicine in 1975, as the School of Hygiene was being dismantled, and the appointment of Dr. Hastings, by a Presidential Search Committee, as first associate dean. The principal subsequent activities documented here are the annual refresher course (1978), an advisory task force on the development of a professional master’s degree (1975 – 1978), a strategic plan for the Division (1990), and the 1992 divisional report. The files on the Graduate Department of Community Health (box 030) concentrate on program changes and reviews between 1979 and 1996 and on student research days (1990, 1997 and 1998). Issues relating to environmental health at the University of Toronto have traditionally been spread across several disciplines. The Faculty of Medicine’s Occupational and Environmental Health Unit was one such body in the early 1980s. In 1988 Dr. Hastings was appointed a member of a task force on environmental and human health, and throughout 1990 a work party on environmental and human health was the venue for discussions between the U of T and McMaster University over the creation of a joint Institute of Environment and Health which emerged during the following two years. Records here document the discussions and planning that took place and include the inaugural workshop in November 1991.

The next three boxes (031-033) contain records detailing the planning for and the first decade (1988-2001) of the Division of Community Health’s Centre for Health Promotion.
Included are initial proposals for the Centre, files on the interim management committee and the search first for an interim and then a permanent director, and meetings of the Centre’s advisory board. There are also files on workshops and seminars and a proposal on devolution submitted to the Premier’s Council on Health, Well-Being and Social Justice in 1993. These are followed by files on the Centre for International Health and the Department of Public Health Sciences, a 1997 merger of the departments of Behavioural Science and Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics. This section concludes with another task force (2002), on the future of the Centre for Health Promotion.

There then follows files documenting two City of Toronto projects from the end of the 1980s, the Board of Health’s Healthy Toronto 2000: a strategy for a healthier city, which his friend and colleague, Dr. Cope Schwenger, headed and the city’s health care fund, both of which attracted considerable interest in the Faculty of Medicine. These are followed by files on Hastings’ participation in an advisory committee of the Wellesley Hospital relating to its urban community health project.

The series concludes with files on seven research proposals, of which five were rejected. The accepted projects were an annotated bibliography on the rationalization of child and material health services (1990) and of stakeholder perceptions of changes in the health care system (1991).

Other professional activities

Dr. Hastings’ professional activities are largely related to his interests in community medicine and often have close links to his work at the University of Toronto. The files are arranged alphabetically by the name of the organization or event with which they are most closely associated.

The series begins with a file on his participation in a round table discussion on “surveillance and the role of public health” for the Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada (Krever Commission) in 1995. This is followed by background material for and memoranda, statements and briefs, with which Dr. Hastings was involved, that were submitted to the Royal Commission on Health Services between 1961 and 1963, along with subsequent press coverage. He and Dr. William Mosley of the School of Hygiene submitted a massive report, “Organized community health services” in 1963, following a brief, drafts of which are preserved here, presented by the School’s director, Dr. Andrew Rhodes, the previous year. The School of Hygiene was one of only a few medically-related groups to support a Public Medicare program at the time and, thereby, became known in some quarters as “The Little Red School House”.

Hastings was also a member of committees of the Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA), the United Church of Canada and the Canadian Council of Social Development that submitted briefs in 1962.

Other files document Dr. Hastings’ activities with Canadian College of Health Service Executives, for which he chaired the Extendicare Award Selection Committee for 1984 – 1986; in the mid – 1980s, the Canadian Council on Social Development (formerly the Canadian Welfare Council), on whose board he served for a number of years and for which he helped develop strategies for community health services; and the Canadian Hospital Association, for which he participated in a study on the Future of Hospitals in Canada.

Dr. Hastings was made an honorary life member of the Canadian Public Health Association and of the Ontario Public Health Association for his many contributions. The files (boxes 036-038) document his activities as CPHA president (1996 – 1997), as a member of its board of directors and several committees, including public health practices, archives, higher education and, especially, the International Health Secretariat (1988 – 1992) and its review, and a planning committee for a national workshop on public health education (1991). Dr. Hastings found the work with CPHA particularly satisfying, especially his close working relationship and friendship with Gerald Dafoe, the executive director, and Margaret Hilson, the assistant executive director for international programs. There is a substantial file on the drafting of a national health plan for the Palestinian people (1993). Other files include the restructuring of Ontario health services (1997), the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, and the Association’s annual conferences for 1980 and from 1991 to 2000. There are also a number of briefs and reports.

The files on the Canadian Welfare Council (later the Canadian Council on Social Development) document the activities of its special committee on health services’ submissions to the Royal Commission on Health Services. These are followed by files on health issues faced by the City of Toronto in 1992 and 2002; Dr. Hastings had been a member of the liaison committees of the University of Toronto with the teaching health units for East York, North York and the City of Toronto.

In 1971, Dr. Hastings went on full-time leave for a year from the University of Toronto to direct a major study of community health centres for the Conference of Health Ministers of Canada. His files (boxes 039-041) include correspondence, memoranda, notes, budgets, position papers, minutes of meetings, interim and progress reports, and working seminars, along with drafts of the final report and reactions to it. The files in B2023-0013 also includes 17 case studies from the 8 provinces where community health centers had been initiated, a seminar paper, and a review of the report by the Ontario Council of Health. The template for the case studies was created by Professor Peter New, a medical sociologist at the University of Toronto, who was commissioned by Professor Anne Crichton of UBC on behalf of Hastings; the purpose of the case studies was to bring together the findings of the studies so they could be incorporated into the final report. The report, instantly dubbed “The Hastings Report”, was widely praised and cemented Dr. Hastings’ reputation as a leading authority in his field. The extensive range of research papers for the project were published by the Canadian Public Health Association.

Other activities documented in this series include two conferences on epidemiology, one in Cali, Colombia (the founding meeting of the International Epidemiological Association, of which Dr. Hastings was a member for many years) during his tour of public health services in South America in 1959 and the other a joint National Cancer Institute of Canada/U of T meeting in 1988. There are files for conferences on comparative health services at Ditchley, England (1972) and Dublin (1980), and for consulting on health administration in selected countries of Western Europe for the Informatie en Communicatie Unie in the Netherlands (1981) and the Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital (1992). There is also a copy of an undated (ca. 1976) and unpublished report on an overview of the Canadian health system.

Dr. Hastings’ association with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) dates from the 1960s. Late in 1964 he was a participant in a special program on health planning sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), the PAHO and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America, for which he visited Chile, Uruguay and Argentina, already referred to in Series 3. The files here date largely from 1974, when he critiqued a long-term planning report for the WHO, and his consultancy two years later for that organization on health services in Brazil and Chile. This and other work lead to him receiving the PAHO Administration Award for 1987. The majority of the PAHO files relate to the Canadian-Caribbean Health Initiative (boxes 042-044), a joint PAHO/University of Toronto/CPHA project for which, from its inception in 1988, Dr. Hastings served as chair of the steering committee. There are also files relating to the Caribbean Public Health Association and the Caribbean Regional Epidemiology Centre.

Dr. Hastings acted as a consultant and expert on many issues relating to community health, including two in Quebec -- Programs in Community Health (1980) and the Quebec Commission de l’Enquête sur les Services de Santé (1987, Rochon Commission), and pediatric issues for the Thames Valley District Health Council (1988). One of his early research projects (1966 – 1970) was a joint Canada-WHO study of the delivery of health services in Sault Ste. Marie, due to the then unique program in Canada of Algoma Steel Corporation offering its employees a choice of health benefits through the local district group health association or a private carrier. The findings were published in 1973, a follow-up study was carried out by the Ontario Ministry of Health in 1975, and a history of the Sault Ste. Marie and District Group Health Association followed in 1981.

In 1992 Dr. Hastings was invited to address a seminar on heath care systems organized by the Mexican Foundation for Health and the National Academy of Medicine, to be held the following March in Mexico City. He kept extensive files on the proceedings. In 1994 he was invited to be a member of a consultant group to the World Bank’s health project for the newly independent republic of Georgia. He kept detailed files on his activities, including correspondence, notes, reports, and photographs.

The series ends with several activities related to Dr. Hastings’ travels in the 1950s and the early 1960s to Asia, and to his involvement with the World Health Organization both at the beginning and the end of his career. In 1953, on the way back to Canada from his World University Service trip to India (see Series 3 and below), he stopped off in Britain to attend the first World Conference on Medical Education in London, to take in the Queen’s coronation, and to visit Scotland, especially Edinburgh and Iona. He kept a file on this conference and on the Third World Conference on Medical Education in New Delhi in 1966, after which he toured northern India, and making a side trip to Madras and Ludhiana, before going on to Hong Kong and Japan.

In 1960 a World Health Organization travel fellowship enabled Dr. Hastings to study medical care, public health and the teaching of social medicine in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, the USSR, India, Ceylon, Singapore, and Japan. Again, he kept detailed records of his travels, including notes and accounts of his impressions, especially on the Soviet Union. Afterwards, he wrote a detailed report on his experiences. Later WHO–related activities include an employment offer as chief of WHO’s Organization of Medical Care Unit in Geneva (1969), which Dr. Hastings reluctantly turned down; and his work as member of WHO’s Expert Advisory Panel on Public Health Administration between 1974 and 1990.

In the summer of 1953, as one of three University of Toronto student representatives at the World University Service of Canada International Mysore Seminar, Dr. Hastings had an opportunity to gain first hand insights into and an understanding of the many problems facing developing countries. He visited India, Ceylon and Pakistan, and carefully preserved his correspondence, notes, reports and photographs. Two years later, he was a University faculty member on the WUSC International Japan Seminar, and spent a further month studying medical education and medical care in Japan through an arrangement with the World Health Organization. His correspondence, diaries, minutes of meetings, and notes served him well; he found himself much in demand on the lecture circuit, especially after his report on medical education in Japan and other articles reflecting on his experiences appeared in 1956 and 1957. The series ends with a 1962 report on the WUS student tuberculosis sanatorium in Japan and a file on the WUSC Chile Seminar in 1964.

B2002-0014/063 - /064 include materials related to his World University Service of Canada (WUSC) trips to India (1953) and Japan (1955) and reunion in 1996. B2002-0014/065 includes a scrapbook with photographs of 1955 trip to Japan.

Elgin Rowland Hastings

This series is comprised almost wholly of material assembled by Elgin Hastings while a student in the then new five-year Bachelor of Medicine program at the University of Toronto between 1908 and 1913. The records consist primarily of a comprehensive collection of course notes, laboratory notes and drawings. Hastings kept detailed notes, dated his notebooks and many of the lectures and exercises, and often recorded the name of the professor or tutor teaching the course. He also preserved a list of all the courses for which he had registered at the beginning of each academic year and the professors who taught them. He did, however, take some additional courses that were not listed; one example is a course in psychiatry taught by Ernest Jones during the Easter term 1912. The course notes are arranged by academic year and alphabetically by name of course within each year.

The series also contains certificates relating to Hastings’ medical education and professional certification, a student handbook, memorabilia of his extra-curricular activities, photographs of some of his classmates, photographs including family members and the graduating Class of 1913 (Medicine), and a transcript of the evidence given in a court case in 1914 (two pages of Hastings’ evidence have been torn out).

Personal and biographical

This series documents a range of Ruth Spencer’s activities from her birth in 1919 until just before her death in 2000. Included are some events from her childhood, her marriage and wedding anniversary, later social activities and birthdays late in her life. Included is some correspondence, postcards, notes, notebooks, greeting cards, certificates, and press clippings.

Ruth Spencer’s professional training was as a librarian and she retained an interest in books all her life. She read widely and was a member for at least a quarter-of-a-century of the University Arts Women’s Club, until her health forced her move to Sunnybrook Hospital in 1999.

Education

This series covers Ruth Church’s education at Mount Royal High School; McGill University, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Library Science the same day as her future husband, Robert Spencer, graduated with a Bachelor of Arts; her subsequent graduate training in librarianship at the University of London in 1945-1946, and her stint as a special student at the University of Toronto from 1984 to 1986.

Included are certificates, programmes, correspondence, and course papers. Ms. Church’s letters home while a graduate student are replete with accounts of her life in immediate post-war London. At the University of Toronto she was a ‘senior citizen student’, part-time, registered at Woodworth College and taking English 262S (‘Detective fiction’) and English 260 (‘Varieties of Biography‘). Her course papers have been kept.

Wartime service, World War II

During World War II, Ruth Church served as Base Librarian with the Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service (Wrens) from September 1943 to October 1945. She was stationed at HMCS Shelburne (September 1943 – July 1944), HMCS Stadacona in Londonderry, Northern Ireland (July 1944 – May 1945), and at HMCS Niobe at Greenock, Scotland (July – October 1945).

The files include her official record of service, correspondence, base librarian reports, newsletters, memorabilia, copies of period newspapers that she annotated, and post-war correspondence, newsletters, and news items relating to the Wren Association of Toronto. The arrangement is largely chronological.

Correspondence

While to correspondence in this series covers the years 1943 to 1989, most of it centres on seven seminal years in the life of Ruth Church, beginning with her military service as a base librarian with the Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service (WRENS) in 1943, through her post-war employment as head librarian at Canada House in London, her marriage to Robert Spencer in June 1948, and her activities up to his receiving his B.Litt from and being accepted for his doctorate at the University of Oxford in 1950. The scattered post-1950 letters are from Ruth Spencer to her parents, letters received from Professor Robert Finch at the University of Toronto, and miscellaneous letters received from friends and relatives.

Ruth Church’s correspondence documents in considerable detail her life and activities (with a careful eye for what the censors might not like during the War). The letters received from her parents, siblings, and friends (including those in the Armed Forces) and relatives document civilian life in Canada while providing some insights on life elsewhere in the WRENS.

Canada House

Ruth Church was employed as the head librarian at Canada House in London from September 1945 to March 1950. She was the first permanent librarian hired by the Canadian High Commission and was tasked with building up the library almost from scratch, while serving the demands of the Canadian diplomatic corps and facilitating the use of the library by Canadians based in or travelling through London and interested members of the public.

She nearly lost her job when she married in 1948, as the Civil Service Commission’s policy was that once married, she would be supported by her husband and therefore would be replaced by an unmarried librarian as soon as possible. She appealed on the basis that she would be supporting her husband while he was a student at Oxford and was allowed to remain on with her full salary and allowances. In April 1949, her contract was renewed for six-months and, on request, for a further six months until 28 February 1950, which was extended to 31 March until her replacement arrived from Canada. During this period she fought back against the Department of External Affairs’ decision to reduce her allowance and the Receiver General’s clawback of portions of her salary. Forty-five years later she publicly objected to the closure of the Library and of Canada House and lived to attend its reopening in 1998.

The files in this series contain correspondence, salary stubs, poetry, reports, a manuscript, and articles.

University of Toronto. Department of History

When Professor Flenley retired to England, he took his personal papers with him, though a few files have survived on this side of the Atlantic. Some relating to his teaching were left with Professor Spencer who took over some of his courses. This series contains many of the exam questions he compiled over 30 years, along with the mark books for his courses.

Manuscripts and publications

This series contains notebooks for and drafts of Professor Flenley’s unpublished work, “Anglo-German Relations”, written in 1959 and 1960 and aimed at the general reader.

Professional associations and organizations

This series contains correspondence, invitations, programmes, and associated material relating to professional associations and organizations that Professor Spencer belonged to or was in contact with that are not included in the other series. There are numerous files on the Canadian Institute of International Affairs, including correspondence with its director, John W. Holmes; minutes of meetings of the library committee and of the journal advisory (from 1970 the International Journal) committee, which oversaw the publication of International Journal. Elsewhere, there are assessments of manuscripts for grant applications and/or for publishers. Other files document Professor Spencer’s involvement with the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) for twenty years beginning in 1970. Also documented are three of the International Congress of Historical Sciences conferences that he attended between 1960 and 1975.

Professor Spencer volunteered with a number of organizations, including the Bloor Street United Church in Toronto, where he served as an elder for many years, and the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa.

The arrangement is alphabetically by name of group. The files contain a range of materials, including correspondence, notes, memoranda, notes, minutes of meetings, reports, some drafts of manuscripts (especially for the Canadian Institute of International Affairs), flyers, brochures, newsletters and press clippings. Conference files may contain correspondence, programmes, invitations to events, and proceedings.

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